Issues

Hungry for something new? Feed your gastronomic curiosity with fresh takes from all across the globe

Roter Delfin
Zürich

Roter Delfin is a celebration of simple food done well – specifically, bread and butter. Meret Diener and Linda Hüsser (a former Monocle staffer) met at Lausanne Hospitality School. Following the successful 2021 launch of their first venture serving grilled cheese sandwiches, they opened Zur Goldige Guttere restaurant in Zürich in 2022.

Teaming up with Samuel Kürz (pictured with Hüsser, centre, and Diener), they have now opened a second restaurant in the city, this time focusing on bread. “We wanted to create a place that’s open from morning until late – for breakfast, lunch, dinner or just a drink,” says Hüsser of the space on Langstrasse. Its small but well-considered menu offers comfort food, from scrambled eggs on toast with honey-glazed bacon to pulled pork and savoury apple sauce. The trio take pride in using locally sourced ingredients. Much of what they serve is made in-house, from the pickles and dough to the evening cocktails.
roterdelfin.ch

Recipe
Shallot and porcini tarte Tatin

What could be better than a shallot and porcini tarte Tatin for your Sunday brunch? This savoury riff on the classic French dessert will have you wondering why you hadn’t tried it before.

Serves 4

Ingredients
100g white caster sugar
40g butter, cut into pieces
2 tbsps balsamic vinegar
1 tbsp thyme leaves
300g shallots, cut lengthwise into thirds
100g porcini mushrooms, sliced
Puff pastry, rolled out into a tart shape (diameter of 32cm)
Salt
Black pepper

Method
1.
Preheat your oven to 220C. Evenly spread the sugar on baking paper in a tray and place in the middle of the oven. Allow to caramelise until light brown (about 7 minutes), then remove.

2.
Spread the butter, vinegar and thyme on the caramel.

3.
Arrange the shallots and porcini mushrooms on top so that they overlap slightly.

4.
Return the tray to the oven and bake for about 20 minutes, then remove.

5.
Prick the pastry dough tightly with a fork and place loosely on top of the shallots. Press the dough between the shallots and the edge of pan.

6.
Return to the oven for 15 minutes. Remove and allow it to stand for 2 minutes. Turn out onto a cake plate, peel off the baking paper and season. Serve warm or cold.
ralphschelling.com

Sune
London

Located at the foot of bustling Broadway Market, Sune is a perfect fit with its east London neighbourhood. Launched by Honey Spencer and Charlie Sims, the restaurant is a welcoming, unfussy space without a hint of haughtiness, despite Sims’s background of working front of house at Noma. Its comely interiors are all timber floors and tabletops, with high stools beside the floor-to-ceiling window and a zinc-topped terracotta-brick bar.

Chef Michael Robins’s inventive snacks include a confit egg on a thick, Jenga-block-shaped wodge of potato and strozzapreti (a pasta whose name literally translates as “priest stranglers”), which comes freckled with pickled mushrooms and an egg yolk. The red mullet is seasoned with salty sea herbs and is served swimming in a smoky broth. We particularly enjoyed the side of grilled potatoes in a silky brown-butter sauce.

For afters, we ordered poached pear on a creamy white-chocolate crème anglaise that begs to be finished. A menu this pleasing demands a second visit.
sune.restaurant

Dotori and Soopoollim
Berlin

Korean cuisine has long appealed to Berliners. Wine bar Dotori, which opened last July in the city’s Weissensee neighbourhood, specialisies in anju, small plates eaten with booze. Pair dishes such as haemul pajeon (seafood and spring onion pancake) and fresh kimchi with drinks such as Czech craft beer Métaphore. The restaurant’s goal is to serve Korean food as it is eaten in its homeland. “Our dishes aren’t watered down for a perceived difference in palate,” says co-founder Dax Defranco.

For a contemporary take on the Korean tradition of drinking tea for medicinal purposes, head to Mitte’s Soopoollim, which opened in September. Try the ssanghwacha tea, made from a blend of ingredients including goji berry, ginger, liquorice and arrowroot, accompanied by the white bibimbap, which is made to the recipe of founder Yurim Byun’s mother.
dotori.berlin; Ackerstrasse 149, Mitte

Inventory: Travel
With new hotels and restorations alike waiving the design rules, European rail getting back on track and a luxury long-haul bus project, travellers can expect the unexpected this year. Plus, we plug in to a few technological innovations that will be music to your ears.

1.
The Hotel Maria
Helsinki

In Helsinki’s historic Kruununhaka district, four protected neo-renaissance buildings have been renovated into a new five-star offering, The Hotel Maria. The residence boasts the largest number of suites (38) in the city, as well as private saunas and bespoke services such as in-room butlers. Its founders spent a great deal of time staying at some of Europe’s leading high-end hotels and felt that Helsinki lacked somewhere that could compete. “We hear the same message from luxury travel agents who cater to international tourists in Finland,” the hotel’s commercial director, Heli Mende, tells Monocle as she shows us around the 160 sq m Imperial Suite.

While many of Helsinki’s luxury properties lean on Nordic minimalism, The Hotel Maria confidently opts for elegant finishes, such as art deco-inspired chandeliers, a white and ivory colour palette and natural textures, including marble and wood. There are even subtle nods to the hotel’s heritage, with one room displaying its original wallpapers and ceiling paintings. “We commissioned several works by Helsinki-based painter Pia Feinik, who uses Finnish landscapes to inspire her art,” says Mende.

The heart of the hotel is the Maria Spa, with its large atrium allowing for generous natural light and hanging greenery. In between treatments from Finnish skincare brand Niki Newd, guests can enjoy the hot sauna and ice-cold plunge pool – another popular Suomi pastime. If you needed any further encouragement to unwind, the sleek bar provides guests with signature cocktails and rare champagnes. In addition to drinks, the hotel’s two restaurants offer delicacies such as wild-caught fish and reindeer from a herder in Lapland.

The Hotel Maria is the latest opening that has tapped into Helsinki’s growing luxury market – and its take on grandeur is a welcome addition to both the Finnish capital and northern Europe’s offering of high-end residences.

2.
Twiliner
Europe

The bus hasn’t always been the most popular form of overnight transport – and certainly not the most luxurious. This is something that travel company Twiliner is seeking to change with a bus that has all of the amenities of flying First Class – think wi-fi, a snack bar and 21 seats that can be reclined for a good night’s sleep. Its maiden voyage between Zürich and Barcelona is scheduled for late 2024. We caught up with Twiliner’s co-founder Luca Bortolani to discuss his company’s plans to disrupt intercity travel in Europe.

How did Twiliner start?
Luxury night buses don’t exist in Europe. We wanted to create an alternative to flying, so we asked people what could convince them to swap the plane for the bus. They wanted to be comfortable and use their time well. Privacy and sustainability were also important considerations. That’s how we came to the idea of putting a First Class plane seat on a bus.

Why would someone choose a bus over a plane?
We know that people want to be more sustainable. Some people also need to travel early in the morning but don’t want to take a flight at 05.00. We want to make travel a more joyful experience.

Why Zürich to Barcelona?
It’s a popular flight path with a mix of business travellers and young people. We want to roll out 25 routes across Europe. Our next one will be from Geneva to Brussels.

3.
The Orient Express and La Minerva
Rome

The Accor-owned Orient Express (not to be confused with Belmond’s version) has partnered with Arsenale to launch luxury rail project La Dolce Vita. The service will cross Italy via six stops, which include the Alps, Rome, Venice and the southern coast. The original Orient Express cars feature renovated cabins and suites, and a restaurant that celebrates Italian gastronomy. “Italians are relaxed but appreciate luxury,” says Anne Benichou, vice-president of global communications, partnerships and retail at Accor. “This is clear in the design of the train.”

The experience is paired with the brand’s new La Minerva Hotel in Rome’s Pantheon district, a refurbished 17th-century building that will serve as a stopover for passengers. The Orient Express’s expansion is only just starting to gain steam – next is a hotel in Venice, a sailing ship and the return of the classic Paris-Istanbul train route, which ran from 1883 to 1977.

4.
Regina
Biarritz

Set atop a cliff overlooking the Atlantic Ocean, Regina hotel is an unmissable early-20th-century building in Biarritz. The five-star hotel, previously managed by Accor, was taken over by French hotelier group Experimental in 2022.

“The goal of the renovation was to bring back some of the hotel’s grandeur and rethink its common areas, making it a real player within the local food scene,” co-founder Pierre-Charles Cros tells Monocle. New elements pay homage to the building’s regional heritage, while there are also modern Japanese pieces. “We wanted to emphasise Japan’s close ties to the Basque Country,” says Dorothée Meilichzon, founder of Chzon studio, the interior design agency responsible for the project. The renovation marks a return to the building’s belle époque elegance, with added contemporary comforts.
reginaexperimental.com

Inventory: Tech corner
From a finely tuned radio to a phone you can write on, the best new tech lifts from the old.

1.
R410 streaming system
Ruark

Encased in handsome wood-panelled cabinetry, UK audio company Ruark’s all-in-one streaming system has a classic look. Its touchscreen display allows you to select audio from a turntable, TV or Spotify; there are also DAB and FM tuners for the radio. This device is rich in audio quality and it looks sleek on the shelf.
ruarkaudio.com

2.
Galaxy S24 Ultra phone
Samsung

This smartphone is packed with innovations that are powered by artificial intelligence, including a feature that can translate your phone calls in real time. AI also enables deft photography edits, removing unwanted people out of a shot or eliminating irritating reflections. You can use a stylus to scribble right to the edge of its 6.8-inch screen, so you can be more precise than ever.
samsung.com

3.
FreeClips earbuds
Huawei

You’ve never seen earbuds like the FreeClips. While they might resemble a daring pair of earrings, they’re held sturdily in place by a flexible bridge that wraps around your ears. Open earphones can be prone to sound leakage but here it’s kept to a minimum, meaning that you can stay more in touch with the world around you.
huawei.com

You’ve got male: Brands to keep an eye out for in 2024

Magliano
Italy

Italy is known for storied fashion houses but emerging designers such as Bologna-born Luca Magliano are bringing new energy to its menswear scene. After winning LVMH’s Karl Lagerfeld Prize last year, Magliano presented his new collection in Florence at Pitti Uomo.

Offering a take on classic dressing updated with subtle draping, he also collaborated with some Pitti Uomo heavyweights. One was Kiton, creating a suit cut in a Neapolitan silhouette. “Kiton’s drastic hand-sewn approach allows it to reach the highest standards,” he says.
magliano.website

Drôle de Monsieur
Paris

“It’s hard to launch a brand when you’re not in a major city but we wanted to show that it’s possible,” says Dany Dos Santos, who co-founded Drôle de Monsieur with Maxime Schwab in Dijon in 2014. Embracing their outsider status, the duo made a name for themselves with casualwear bearing slogans such as “Not from Paris Madame”, a phrase that became a rallying cry for entrepreneurs in second-tier cities across the country. In 2023, however, Drôle de Monsieur finally opened its first bricks-and-mortar shop in the heart of the French capital.

The boutique evokes an elegant 1970s hotel lounge, with art deco-style walls and a till that resembles a bar counter. “Hospitality and fashion have a lot in common,” says Dos Santos. “Both aim to make clients feel at home.” Alongside casual items bearing playful graphics, you’ll find a range of more formal designs: we recommend the elegant trench coats and shearling jackets.
droledemonsieur.com

Brioni
Italy

Under design director Norbert Stumpfl, Brioni has been quietly evolving into one of the key premium menswear labels in the market, offering meticulously crafted garments made using featherlight, natural materials and rare couture techniques. Stumpfl tends to favour minimal designs and neutral colours, letting the quality of his clothing do most of the talking. But when it comes to evening wear, he also makes a point to sprinkle the right amount of glamour on his designs. A firm believer in the power of a sharply tailored jacket, his latest evening wear creations, presented in Milan’s Circolo Filologico, included tuxedos and dinner jackets featuring elongated lapels and earthy colours, nodding to the work of Spanish artist and designer Mariano Fortuny.

You’ll also find jackets in the brand’s signature herringbone cloth that feature a layer of barely visible glass beads. Then there are one-of-a-kind pieces including a silk tuxedo jacket (pictured) with glitter embroidered underneath the fabric to add a faint sheen: a testament to the Brioni artisans’ impressive skills and Stumpfl’s commitment to “the culture of the human touch”.
brioni.com

The Elder Statesman
Los Angeles

At Pitti Uomo, popular looks usually make themselves clear as soon as you start approaching the Fortezza da Basso, where the event takes place. This year, there was a colourful mood when it came to attendees’ accessories. The buyers, editors and stylists still wore the tweed coats and monochrome suits they are known for but also added woollen beanies in an array of bold colours.

On the runways of Milan and Paris later in the month, show guests kept their hats on to stand out and break up all-black winter uniforms. The accessory also made its way into brand showrooms – the luxurious styles by LA-based label The Elder Statesman, in mood-boosting yellow and green hues, were among our highlights.
elder-statesman.com

Celine X Master & Dynamic
Global

Fashion brands are now aspiring to connect with customers when they are eating, drinking and listening to music, not just when they are getting dressed. The result is a host of cross-sector collaborations, from Valextra’s tie-in with Bar Basso’s baristas to Bottega Veneta’s partnership with Korean kite artisans. This season, headphones were regularly spotted in brands’ showrooms, displayed next to hats or footwear. We have our eye on a pair by Celine in tan leather or black calfskin, made in collaboration with Master & Dynamic.
celine.com; masterdynamic.com

Acaba
Paris

Leather gloves have become designers’ accessory of choice this season. Silvia Fendi added elegant pairs in saffron, burgundy, all-grey and khaki for Fendi – inspired by countryside living and hunting outfits worn by the UK’s Princess Anne. Giorgio Armani played with textures, juxtaposing velvet coats with padded leather gloves.

This is an easy styling trick: pick an eye-catching shade, from deep red to green or yellow, pair them with wardrobe staples like denim or monochrome suits – and if you get too warm, fold them over the belt of your coat. We like stocking up at Paris-based Acaba, a storied glove-maker whose shop at the Palais Royale is filled with handmade gloves in every shade.
acaba.fr

comment
Looks promising
Natalie Theodosi

For the menswear industry, the year starts with a medley of shows, presentations and social gatherings in Florence, Milan and Paris. The fast-paced schedule offers an opportunity to gather inspiration and take the temperature of the market. This year the mood was cautionary, with brands and retailers forecasting that, after three years of explosive growth, the luxury sector might finally find that its clients are bulging less.

However, challenging economic times encourage creativity and necessary course corrections. In this case, brands are slowing down, returning to their founding values and thinking about new ways to connect with customers. Some are doing so by raising quality standards, sourcing premium materials and partnering with artisanal manufacturers. Others are increasingly thinking beyond fashion: to keep customers interested there’s a need to create richer experiences.

For Gucci, for instance, success has become equated as much to people singing along to its remix of the 1970s Italian classic “Ancora, Ancora, Ancora” as buying into its new minimal aesthetic. In the same spirit, fellow Italian label Valextra joined forces with Milanese institution Bar Basso on a leather case and a pair of cocktail glasses, while in Paris, Louis Vuitton used its runway show to debut new music, including a collaboration between its creative director Pharrell Williams and folk band Mumford & Sons. This marks a new era for branding – expect to see fashion brands pursuing more partnerships with chefs, architects, musicians and hoteliers this year.

How will these shifting dynamics translate into the way we dress? Given the higher stakes, designers are suggesting that we too need to raise our standards and start dressing the part. There was a collective celebration of formality and the power of dressing up: smart brogues replaced trainers, sporty parkas were swapped with tailored coats and neck ties made a firm comeback, particularly at Prada, where the catwalk was transformed into a series of chic cobalt-blue office cubicles. We round up our highlights on these pages.

Theodosi is Monocle’s fashion director

Welcome to the world’s most exclusive gastronomic society

Alex Johnstone says that he was “flying blind” to begin with. The head chef for Justin Trudeau had been plucked from a small-town restaurant near the Canadian prime minister’s cottage in Québec. Recognising the importance of this new world took some time. “As you start doing more and more larger events, the gravity of the job slowly dawns on you,” he tells Monocle. Whereas a restaurant is all about the chef’s own creations, suddenly, “it’s not about you any more”. In his first year, Johnstone received a baptism of fire when he found himself cooking for Joe Biden, who is famously a lover of ice cream. “We were searching all the resources we could to find out every detail about what kind of ice cream he likes.”

What Johnstone didn’t know at the time is that there’s an exclusive club of contemporaries – chefs to the world’s heads of state and government – for just these sorts of culinary predicaments. “Heads of state have the red phone; we have what we call a blue phone,” says Christian Garcia, chef to Prince Albert II of Monaco and president of what’s known as the Chefs des Chefs Club. “When we have an official lunch or dinner coming up, we can ask each other, ‘What’s your boss’s favourite dish?'”

That exchange of information is a core function of one of the world’s most exclusive clubs, made up of just one member from any country: the personal chef of that nation’s head of state or government. Founded in 1977 by Gilles Bragard, a French designer of chef’s uniforms, the umbrella organisation is based in Paris but holds annual summits for its members in different capitals; the latest, which Monocle attended in November, was hosted in Washington. The summits are a chance for this elite group of chefs, who usually work in the background, to step forward and take centre stage. Over the years these summits have been attended by US presidents from Ronald Reagan to Barack Obama, and world leaders from Narendra Modi to Angela Merkel and Emmanuel Macron.

Every event also involves giving something back by highlighting a culinary cause or charity. In November, the group visited DC Central Kitchen, a local non-profit. The club of esteemed chefs were put to work cutting up pumpkin, squash and other seasonal vegetables, which they cooked alongside students from underprivileged backgrounds, some of whom have been given a second chance after serving time in prison. Willem-Pieter van Dreumel, chef to King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, was struck by the workload: 10,000 meals prepared every day for the poor in the US capital. “I’ve never had to do these kinds of amounts,” he says. Mike Curtin, CEO of DC Central Kitchen, says that his organisation has had several high-profile visitors over the years and puts all of them through their paces; he describes a particularly memorable moment when Bill Clinton was lunged at by a volunteer – to the horror of his Secret Service detail – because he scratched his face with a gloved hand (a sanitary sin) and tried to keep working. “We don’t really have time to be in awe,” says Curtin. Even so, he acknowledges that the visit from the Chefs des Chefs Club was particularly special. “We’ve never had this many talented high-profile chefs before,” he says. “To have these chefs who are carrying out diplomacy through food on a daily basis, it just fits so well with what we do on a daily basis: trying to build community through food.”

Beyond the pageantry, for the chefs themselves the summit is simply a chance to get together and let off (metaphorical) steam. Its members range from 20-year veterans to complete newcomers who are eager to learn and soak up the experience. “Honestly, I had no idea what to expect but it has been fantastic,” Canada’s Johnstone tells Monocle at an evening reception hosted at the French ambassador’s residence. “There’s such a huge gap: a range of ages and experience. We are all serving different types of leaders: we have a prime minister, presidents, kings. It’s wild to hear the stories.”

What’s striking is the job’s variety: chefs are typically responsible for everything from bilateral summits and state dinners, to everyday meals and the health of their very important employer. The wisdom imparted by veterans is less about recipes and more about things like presentation, how to run a presidential household and the importance of diplomatic tact. “We’re all fortunate in that we have personal insight into the families that we work with but we’re also all bound by that same discretion,” says Mark Flanagan, chef to King Charles III, and before him, for 20 years, Queen Elizabeth II. Flanagan says the late queen always stressed that it was as much about the staff as the monarch, “If we look after the staff, and we look after the team, the palace functions better and in a more harmonious way.”

Joe Biden’s fondness for ice cream aside, the chefs are generally coy about their leaders’ favourite dishes. This is partly for discretion but also to avoid repetition: Flanagan says that he learned this lesson the hard way before he became Buckingham Palace’s head chef during a visit of former French president Jacques Chirac. “Everybody knew that his favourite dish was tête de veau, made from calf’s head, and I was told, ‘This is his favourite, you must make it for him.’ So I practised and practised and practised but the poor man – everywhere he went, that’s all he got!” Flanagan says. “Another good thing that can come from the club is that we can phone each other up and say, ‘Whatever you do, don’t give him tête de veau.'”

Such advice can range from leaders’ allergies to specific likes and dislikes. And while there’s typically a protocol team that arrives ahead of any state visit to help orchestrate high-level functions, the personal touch is key for discovering more intimate details. “If the president of France is coming to the UK, I can pick up the telephone with confidence, speak to my colleague and say to them, ‘What about breakfast?’ Nobody ever talks about breakfast, but we need to start the day right,” Flanagan says. “And I can have that absolute confidence that the information we’re getting is accurate.” In other words, leaders’ chefs take as much pride in serving up big-ticket state dinners, showcasing their nation’s culinary culture, as they do in simply keeping the official household running smoothly. “We use food as comfort for them, as sustenance,” says White House chef Cristeta Comerford. “At the same time, we use food as a diplomacy tool. You make somebody happy with food. Things fall into the right place after that.”

Elmarie Pretorius, chef to South African president Cyril Ramaphosa for the past 10 years, says that the job can be part “mind-reader”, honing your instincts and catering to your leader’s culinary moods on any given day. “We cook for important people but at the end of the day, whoever the guest is, they’re the one who I want to keep happy,” he says. In other words, the head of state is just another hungry person.

The role of a head-of-state chef stands apart from virtually any other job in hospitality. Not least because there are real-world diplomatic implications. “The leader who arrives in your country and who wants to discover it, you can let them discover your culture through cuisine,” says Laurent Billi, France’s ambassador to Washington. He notes that a mistake during a bilateral meeting can quite literally cause a diplomatic incident, while a positive experience can smooth over relations. Billi, who previously served as France’s ambassador to Thailand, remembers having lunch with a particularly aggressive Asian foreign minister (he won’t say which country but stresses “not China”) who insisted that western Europe was in decline and Asia was on the rise. By the second course and some French wine, the tone had shifted. “Suddenly they were looking at France as a great power in terms of gastronomy. The mood and dynamic of the dinner changed after that moment,” says Billi.

Then there’s the culinary diplomacy aspect: food gives world leaders and their staff a lasting impression of the country they’re visiting, a responsibility that chefs from smaller countries in particular take to heart. “Cuisine is everything: it’s culture, it’s authenticity and it’s the country itself,” says Christine Dadié, chef to the president of the Côte d’Ivoire. “The chef has a chance every day to provide the person who is exploring your country with the food that allows them to discover your culture.” No more is this true than during state dinners, events attended by hundreds of guests and an opportunity for a country’s local cuisine to shine. The dishes of state dinners are chosen carefully, the menu often making national headlines and serving as a nod to cultural ties between both countries. Amit Ghotwal, chef to India’s president, offers an example from a visit of Abdel Fattah al-Sisi for India’s Republic Day in 2023. Ghotwal’s menu called for a vegetable biryani, a classic Indian dish, but he married it with an Egyptian kabsa by using noodles and lentils. The result was a dish that “looks like kabsa, tastes like kabsa, but you also get the Indian flavours. That’s how we try to co-operate; it’s the best of both worlds.”

White House chef Comerford stresses the importance of seasonality during state dinners. “We also think about the guests who are coming and the themes, nuances or flavours that are really endearing to them,” she says. “And since America is such a wonderful conglomeration of different flavours and food from immigrants, we also want to incorporate that idea into the message.”

Presentation matters too. “When we formulate a state dinner, it’s all very considered,” she says. “Every decoration, every plate, every piece of entertainment is really thought out wisely.” Comerford adds that she takes an egalitarian approach, always putting in the same effort. “We have to make sure that no matter what country or continent or area you came from, you get the same hospitality as any other country.” That said, Comerford says that it was a particularly unique honour to host the Chefs des Chefs themselves for lunch at the White House, alongside Jill Biden, the US first lady, during November’s summit. “They really have sacrificed their hours and their time to serve others,” she says. “The least I can do is give them the best of what I can do.”

The Zürich-based firm offering authentic modernist posters at entry-level rates

It’s a Monday afternoon in Näfels, a village in the Swiss canton of Glarus, and Lars Müller is hard at work. The publisher and two members of his team are scrutinising several glossy prints in graphic designer Dafi Kühne’s studio, which is full of old type-casting machines and printing presses. Kühne has just introduced a “best of” selection of his work from recent years. His visitors look through the pile and pause when they reach a deep-blue poster announcing the launch of a magazine, with spindly letters spelling out the word “Neu“. “This could be good to add context to a selection [of Kühne’s work],” says curator Tanja Trampe. To which Müller answers plainly, “But do you like it?”

A studio visit by Müller is something that almost any designer would covet. Over a period of 40 years, his namesake publishing house has released more than 800 specialist design titles, including monographs of architects such as Peter Zumthor and Zaha Hadid. At 69, he is showing no signs of slowing down. When Monocle meets him, he is on a stock run for his latest venture: Flat & Bound, a shoppable online collection of some of the past century’s most precious printed matter.

Kühne is the first contemporary designer to be included. Müller founded Flat & Bound in 2021 in order to sell works from his private library, a formidable col­lection consisting of gifts from friends, souvenirs from exhibitions and pieces nabbed from the homes of designers or picked up at antiquarian shops in cities from Oslo to Osaka. “I’m not a collector,” says Müller. “It contradicts my idea of being a publisher, which is about distributing to as many people as possible.”

Müller tells Monocle how he honed his eye for print. As a teenager he was already dealing in stamps. He later studied graphic design in Basel and Zürich. After graduating he headed to Amsterdam in the early 1980s to work for Total Design, the agency founded by Dutch graphic designer and typographer Wim Crouwel, who pointed out to him that books are the only printed matter meant to last. Müller then returned to Switzerland with a plan to venture into publishing. “I drove back with a car full of books,” he says. “That’s how it all started.”

The studio of Müller’s fledgling imprint soon started receiving weekly visits from revered designer Josef Müller-Brockmann. In the 1950s and 1960s, Müller-Brockmann had helped to define the grid-based, Helvetica-heavy Swiss style through his poster designs and by co-editing the influential Neue Grafik magazine with Richard Paul Lohse and Carlo Vivarelli. But by the 1980s, the rigid aesthetics of this old guard had fallen out of favour.

“They were not recognised by many young designers of my generation,” says Müller. “I was captivated by Müller as a warrior of modernism.” His mentor became a lifelong friend. In 2016, Müller-Brockmann’s widow, Shizuko Yoshikawa, gave his archive to Müller. The collection makes up a large part of Flat & Bound.

Browsing through the collection makes its high-calibre provenance evident. Among the hundreds of posters, books and magazines are many museum-worthy pieces, from prints by Japanese graphic designer Ikko Tanaka to a treatise by Le Corbusier with a dedication from the author. The collectables don’t all come cheap but are priced well below market rates. “Our clientele isn’t lawyer’s offices,” says Müller. “We look for aficionados, young people who might forgo a few pizzas to afford a poster.”

Müller’s approach to Flat & Bound mirrors his recipe for success in publishing. The programme of Lars Müller Publishers is focused on the 20th-century avant-garde. Alongside this canon, he presents a selection of contemporary design. Similarly, Müller is keen to complement Flat & Bound’s modernist archive with works by young designers. “It takes you out of your comfort zone,” he says. “You have to judge the work in a different way because the old rules cannot be applied.”

In the case of Kühne’s prints, the criteria for selection include scarcity, relevance and how representative a work is of the artist – though much eventually comes down to taste (the “Neu” poster doesn’t make the cut). Kühne is an ideal choice for Flat & Bound. He prints his posters manually in his studio, using equipment scooped up from moribund type foundries and presses. After almost two hours of deliberation in his Näfels studio, the team settles on a dozen works.

The posters are taken by Müller for storage at the Flat & Bound collection in Zürich, housed in the offices of the publishing house. There are no plans to open a retail space – the platform has already found its intended audience online.

While Müller might not call himself a collector, he takes pleasure in a piece having passed through his hands. “It can stay for a while too,” he says, gesturing around the room. “This assemblage more or less reflects what society was like in the 20th century.” Dispersed once more, it might inspire graphic designers in the 21st.
flatandbound.com

Top Picks from the Flat & Bound collection

1.
Schützt das Kind!
Josef Müller-Brockmann
poster, 1956

2.
The 5th Sankei Kanze Noh
Ikko Tanaka
poster, 1958

3.
The Art Directors Club
Paul Rand
poster, 1988

4.
Exposition de la résistence italienne
Max Huber
poster, 1968 (reprint)

5.
Galerie Aktuell
Max Bill
poster, 1965

6.
Doves of All Nations
Ivan Chermayeff
poster, 1970

7.
Plakat Affiche Poster
Shizuko Yoshikawa
poster, 1971

8.
Opernhaus Zürich, Medea
Josef Müller-Brockmann
poster, 1972

9.
Galerie Apel&Fertsch
Max Bill
poster, 1970

10.
Tokyo Olympic Games 1964, Runner
Yusaku Kamekura
poster, 1964

11.
Des Canons, Des Munitions? Merci! Des Logis… SVP
Le Corbusier
book, 1938

12.
Galerija Suvremene Umjetnosti Zagreb, Galic
Mihajlo Arsovski
poster, 1970

13.
Kammerchor Zürich, Antonin Dvorak, Requiem
Müller-Brockmann 1 Co
poster, 1969

14.
Wohnen heute 6
Richard Paul Lohse
book, 1967

15.
Neue Grafik 1
Richard Paul Lohse, Josef Müller-Brockmann, Hans Neuburg, Carlo Vivarelli
magazine, 1958

Read next: The Monocle City Guide to Zürich, featuring the very best hotels, restaurants and retail spots

Where next for luxury retail?

The debate

Towards the end of last year, luxury retail’s long-simmering problems reached boiling point. Global marketplace Farfetch was de-­listed from the New York Stock Exchange, only avoiding bankruptcy when South Korean e-commerce giant Coupang bought its assets. London-based Matchesfashion met a similar fate. Valued at $1bn (€924m) just a decade earlier, it was acquired for £52m (€61m) by the Fraser Group, a business with little background in luxury. Meanwhile, Net-A-Porter remains without a buyer and US retailer Neiman Marcus has laid off more than 100 employees while it reportedly considers a merger with Saks Fifth Avenue.

At first glance, it might seem as though the luxury e-commerce sector, once known for its innovation and expert curation, fell apart overnight. Yet many of its current problems – overstocking and unhealthy discounting, for example – go back to the 2007 financial crisis and beyond. Breaking bad business habits will take time and many in the industry are taking a wait-and-see approach, as companies restructure under new owners. Yet this is also an opportunity to rethink the shopping experience, build better partnerships with brands and be more creative. Specialist retailers with a clear purpose are rising in popularity again, while labels are taking back control and experimenting with their flagship shops. We speak to experts from across the field to assess what went wrong and what lies ahead.

Meet the panel

Ida Petersson
The buyer
Petersson started her career as a buyer at Harvey Nichols department store in 2002, before becoming departmental buying manager for shoes, accessories and jewellery at Net-A-Porter. She went on to become the buying director of Farfetch-owned luxury retailer Browns, leading its men’s, women’s and accessories departments.

Christopher Morency
The brand strategist
Morency covered luxury fashion and retail as a reporter for The Business of Fashion and editorial director of Highsnobiety, before pivoting to become the chief brand officer of Budapest’s Vanguards Group in 2022. With fellow Highsnobiety alumnus Tom Garland, he launched new creative-growth company Edition+Partners and its sister agency, State of the Art, in January.

Georgia Stevenson
The investor
Stevenson is a partner at European private-equity firm Index Ventures, which she joined in 2019. She focuses on consumer and retail investments across the continent, with a particular focus on marketplaces. She previously worked at Deliveroo, launching the service in towns and cities across the UK.

Looking at recent developments in fashion retail, what do you think led the industry to this point?

Ida Petersson: The first time that I experienced major economic turmoil in my career was in 2008, after the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Everything in the US went on an 80 per cent discount. Our customers were global, so when they saw a product at full price at Harvey Nichols in London, they just went to the US. That’s when unhealthy discounting practices started and I don’t think we ever fully recovered. The second round of problems started at the height of the pandemic, when bricks-and-mortar shops were suffering and put everything on sale. That forced many brands to drop their wholesale partnerships. Meanwhile, e-commerce retailers became overexcited, thinking that they could continue to grow in double- or triple-digit numbers.

Christopher Morency: In that environment, the only thing that these companies were competing on was price. They made a stab at community-building for a while but were really betting on price and speed. That’s not good enough. Discounting will only take you so far before you end up with a loss-making business and a lot of enemies. This is why luxury brands pulled out of retailers and only use the consignment model.

Does e-commerce still have potential?

CM: The media loves a sensational headline – “Is this the end for e-commerce?” No, this is a multibillion-dollar sector. There are so many players out there and the offer is homogeneous, so we’re seeing a consolidation that needed to happen.

Georgia Stevenson: At Index Ventures, we have worked with a number of e-commerce businesses as seed investors – Farfetch, Net-A-Porter, Etsy – as well as brands with their own retail networks, such as Glossier or Anine Bing. We’re bullish on the future of e-commerce and excited about what Farfetch is doing, as well as what the partnership with Coupang will mean in terms of logistics and fulfilment. There will, of course, be challenges. In the short term, for example, there needs to be more focus on sustainable value propositions. Do you really need to deliver to the customers’ door in 10 minutes? But such re-evaluation is part of the process. We’re not the type of investors who would back off just because there are challenges.

Will the changing relationship between brands and retailers continue to shape the market in 2024?

CM: LVMH and Kering brands stopped discounting and engaging with wholesalers years ago because they wanted to control their stock, pricing and distribution. Now smaller brands are becoming equally fed up and focusing on direct sales and partnerships with boutiques that build more respectful relationships with them.

IP: The wholesale model of doing business can create a vicious circle. Many of the big players in that space are just seeking margins. Brands don’t always fully understand what they’re getting into when they sign up to it because they get too excited by a big name. But I’ve recently seen a shift: some brands are choosing to go with more specialist retailers because they are more protective and use discounting far less. And their customer base is loyal and drawn to creativity.

Do direct-to-consumer brands have more power today?

GS: As investors, we’re excited by direct-to-consumer brands. These businesses know their customers and connect with them without having to rely on third parties. Across our portfolio, there’s a theme of going back to basics, doing less and focusing on core products. That will continue as a result of the current funding environment. Wholesalers can play a part in a brand’s distribution strategy but you can’t be a hostage to them. Look at Glossier, which has an amazing direct-to-consumer audience and successful shops but, after years of building that ecosystem, recognised that working with [French retailer] Sephora was another avenue.

CM: Traditional industry power structures are breaking down. In past decades, a group of about 20 people – retail buyers, sales agents and editors – would determine which businesses would grow. But they no longer have the same influence, so many brands are doing things differently and seeing returns. That also reflects the tools that people now have at their disposal. They can whip up a Shopify page within 20 minutes and start selling.

GS: Exactly. A retailer procures, curates and sells goods, and everyone can do that today. So questions around the future of retail remain open. The market is no longer just for big brands or large enterprises.

As dynamics shift and brands take back control, have attitudes to investment changed? What are the benefits of raising capital?

GS: It’s an opportunity to build a community and retail experience without relying on those 20 or so traditional players to give you access to their customers. End, which is in our portfolio, is a good example: it used investment to become more scalable and move in different avenues.

Where do multi-brand retailers fit in this new landscape?

CM: The role of retailers hasn’t changed. Wholesale has always been a great tool for brand awareness and discovery. Retailers have always done those two things better than anyone else. They just got distracted by the number of brands that they can work with: Net-A-Porter takes on and drops hundreds of brands every season. Customers don’t need that much choice.

Retailers need to return to their role as curators and facilitators for new brands. And these start-ups should see wholesale as marketing channels, rather than as a cash cow. Otherwise, the retailer becomes your boss or, in effect, an unofficial investor.

IP: A multi-brand retailer offers customers a way to explore a universe, which can be really magical. Very few people are loyal to one brand alone; most want to be part of the multi-brand experience. That’s why 2024 will be the year of the specialist. And that doesn’t necessarily have to be done on a small scale. It’s about having a distinctive identity. We were successful at Browns when we were clear about who we were. There’s a lesson in that for retailers: there needs to be more collective risk-taking. You can’t just set yourself apart with discounts.

What should new owners of online retailers do to rescue the sector?

IP: The most successful will allow business units to run independently. Groups often try to tie everything together and make everything fit in one box. That’s when brands lose their identity. Look at LVMH: its brands are allowed to be very different. Walk into a Dior shop and you wouldn’t think that the label has the same owner as Loewe. People are obsessed with efficiency but if you have the same team doing everything, you erase individuality and things go wrong.

CM: What is it that makes e-commerce enjoyable? When I look at retailers’ “What’s new” pages, it’s often all the same. There needs to be another layer to the experience that’s tailored to today’s customer, whether it’s social commerce or live elements. It should be about more than just offering a product at a good price. You can’t be a big, faceless entity. You have to level with the people who are buying your stuff, beyond your top-spending customers.

How do you achieve that?

GS: Shops need to be destinations in their own right. You have to be intentional about every touchpoint with customers – online, offline, pre-purchase and post-purchase.

CM: People are starting to consider what their business could look like outside of the fashion industry. They want to reach even higher, tapping into hospitality, media and design. We can see that people, including younger generations, still value shopping together. That’s where hospitality spaces come in. On high streets, fewer people are carrying shopping bags but restaurants are full. It’s about understanding how to embrace the social element of shopping: acting as a curator, not just a seller. Then a shop can become a marketing channel. Loewe does this so well: a theme runs through what’s in the shop windows, the products and even the design of the receipt, so a customer is buying into a story.

What are the biggest challenges that these businesses face as they attempt to change course?

GS: A key challenge will involve supply chains. There’s a lot of volatility right now. On top of that, there’s the need to meet consumer expectations in terms of where a product is made. Successful retailers have to understand how to leverage technology and build better supply chains. That encompasses everything from giving attention to payment terms, setting up new shipping infrastructures and using sustainable packaging.

What about new opportunities?
GS: One of the opportunities that we are excited about is personalisation. We’re only at the start of this. Brands have been concentrating on the infrastructure of operating online but now it’s about understanding what it actually means to be in this space and to provide a good experience, beyond that “What’s new” page. Artificial intelligence will offer better personalisation in the long term but, in the meantime, there’s a lot of low-hanging fruit. The general theme of being a kind of concierge has a lot of potential.

IP: People are shopping very differently and it’s an exciting time to be experimenting. The way in which brands interact with male audiences has changed completely, regardless of their age. Even more traditional men – the kind who would historically come in once a season to do a big shop – have started to become more interested in fashion and be influenced by the news, TV series and social media. This has led to more impulsive shopping. There’s a big opportunity in menswear.

Many of these issues are centered in the West, particularly the UK and US. What can we learn from other markets?

IP: In Japan, for example, retailers’ commitment to the shop experience is on another level and I still don’t understand why this hasn’t come to Europe or the US. Whether it’s a boutique or a department store, the Japanese focus on the physical product but also employ things such as art, music and food to create something fully immersive. Mexico City is exciting right now, with so much new retail opening there, and India offers another huge opportunity. If you open your mind and you’re willing to listen and learn, this could be an amazing time. But you have to lose the fear.

Conclusion
Not so long ago, online and wholesale models of fashion retail seemed to be the future, offering scale and reach unimaginable in decades past. Yet their focus on speed and efficiency at all costs has proved to be their undoing, as major players struggle to survive and new owners sweep in, promising change. For businesses that are daring enough to reimagine the sector to meet the fast-evolving expectations of consumers, however, new opportunities abound.

The best of this month’s art and culture

Music

Phasor
Helado Negro
In Phasor, the eighth album by Helado Negro (aka Roberto Carlos Lange), the singer continues to deliver his customary atmospheric beats but there’s also a new sunniness here – a nod, perhaps, to his Floridian childhood. Where his previous album, Far In, was inspired by quarantine, Phasor is about getting out there. Among its highlights are the beautiful dream pop of “Best for You and Me” and “I Just Want to Wake Up with You”, an ode to comfortable love.
Out now

Girl with No Face
Allie X
Toronto-born singer Allie X’s third album, Girl with No Face, is a hedonistic set of 1980s-influenced electro tracks. At times, the bass-driven first single, “Black Eye”, sounds like a modern update of The Human League. The witty “You Slept on Me” perfectly encapsulates the self-produced album’s campy, danceable mood. 
Released on 23 February

Letter to Yu
Bolis Pupul
Pupul’s debut solo album, following his successful collaboration with Charlotte Adigéry, is a homage to his late Chinese mother (his father is Belgian), who died in a traffic accident. It’s also a celebration of his Chinese roots. The album’s first single is the excellent “Completely Half”, built around field recordings taken on the Hong Kong subway; meanwhile, the propulsive “Spicy Crab” refers to the city’s seafood staple. 
Released on 8 March

Film

Evil Does Not Exist
Ryusuke Hamaguchi 
The latest film by Drive My Car director Ryusuke Hamaguchi tells the story of the battle between a resident of an unspoiled village and a developer intent on transforming it into a glamping spot. Hamaguchi turns a story of corporate greed into something far more human. 
Released on 1 March 

High & Low – John Galliano 
Kevin Macdonald
Fashion designer John Galliano’s rise was as swift as his fall after being ostracised from the industry after an anti-Semitic rant in a Paris bar. Oscar-winning Scottish documentarian Kevin Macdonald puts his subject into context, from Galliano’s rise while a student at Central Saint Martins to the gruelling demands placed on him as Dior’s creative director.
Released on the 8 March 

The Teacher’s Lounge
Ilker Catak 
Teacher Carla tries her best in a new school that is plagued by thefts. Taking matters into her own hands, she identifies the thief – causing members of the community to turn against each other. No good deed goes unpunished.
Released on the 22 March

Art

Käthe Kollwitz
Moma, New York
German artist Käthe Kollwitz, who died shortly before the end of the Second World War, did more than almost any of her peers to document one of the most tumultuous periods in her country’s history. This look at her long career takes us from her early engagement with the darker side of the Industrial Revolution to her explorations of the human cost of war, via peasant portraits and prints that double as pacifist propaganda.
Runs from 31 March to 20 July

Brancusi: Carving the Essence
Artizon Museum, Tokyo
A contemporary of Pablo Picasso, Romania’s Constantin Brancusi was equally important when it came to introducing non-Western influences to 20th-century European art. The clean lines of his carvings reflect his serene approach to his craft and his search for his subjects’ essence. Drawings, photos and frescoes add further context to this first Japanese retrospective.
Runs from 30 March to 7 July

Photography

Boris Mikhailov
Fotomuseum Den Haag, The Hague
A timely survey of the work of the Ukrainian photographer and artist who has long explored the collapse of the Soviet Union. Hand-painted found photographs of Soviet soldiers are given layers of irony by Mikhailov’s lurid colours, while the rough edges and sepia tones of his 1982 Crimean Snobbism series add a conceptual edge to Black Sea holiday snaps.
Runs from 30 March to 18 August

Books

Vladivostok Circus Elisa Shua Dusapin, translated by Aneesa Abbas Higgins
In this perceptive new novel by the French-Korean author of The Pachinko Parlour, an art graduate arrives in the city of Vladivostok to design costumes for three performers preparing for the Russian Bar – one of the most perilous circus acts. Translated from French by Aneesa Abbas Higgins, it’s a sensitive, shrewd tale about friendship, creativity and what it means to put our lives in the hands of others.
Out now

Until August
Gabriel García Márquez, translated by Anne McLean
Shortly before he died in 2014, Nobel laureate Gabriel García Márquez, who was then living with dementia, decided not to publish his last novel. Now, a decade later, his sons have chosen to disregard his wishes and share it. Translated from the original Spanish by Anne McLean, Until August follows a middle-aged woman who takes an annual pilgrimage to the island where her mother is buried on the anniversary of her death. Sure to be one of the year’s literary highlights, the novel interrogates desire and fear with the sensitivity and depth that devoted readers expect from the Colombian author of One Hundred Years of Solitude and Love in the Time of Cholera.
Published on 12 March

Help Wanted
Adelle Waldman
More than 10 years after Adelle Waldman garnered legions of fans with her charming and clever first novel, The Love Affairs of Nathaniel P, she is finally back with Help Wanted. Where her debut focused on the romantic entanglements of the Brooklyn literati, her new work explores the economic dreams of poorly paid workers in the retail industry. At a superstore in Upstate New York, employees hatch a plan to promote – and so get rid of – an inept team manager called Meredith. This, they hope, will also improve their own prospects of promotion. A witty and perceptive portrait of people doing their best to make a living.
Published on 21 March

TV

The Regime
HBO/Sky Atlantic
Kate Winslet was spellbinding as a caring but overworked detective in US crime series Mare of Easttown. Now she delivers an equally striking performance in The Regime, a new series directed by film-maker Stephen Frears and The Crown‘s Jessica Hobbs. Winslet stars as an authoritarian leader of a fictional European country that is falling apart at the seams. Expect political intrigue and manipulation across six episodes penned by Succession writer and producer Will Tracy.
Released on 3 March

3 Body Problem
Netflix
The long-awaited follow-up project from Game of Thrones creators David Benioff and DB Weiss promises to be a sprawling, highly ambitious sci-fi epic. Based on a Hugo Award-winning book trilogy by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, it begins with the story of an astrophysicist who witnesses the murder of her father during the Chinese Cultural Revolution – before shifting gears to become a wild ride encompassing conspiracies, plenty of weird science and an impending alien invasion.
Released on 21 March

Arctic Circle, series 2
Walter Presents
Filmed in Finnish Lapland, this crime drama about police officer Nina Kautsalo (Iina Kuustonen) is almost as chilling and unforgiving as its setting. The first series, filmed prior to the coronavirus pandemic, notably followed the characters’ desperate attempts to control a deadly virus. In this second series, which recently debuted in the UK on the Walter Presents streaming service, Kautsalo is forced to confront a past that she is trying to forget after the discovery of her unexpected connection to a shocking murder.
Out now

The Lee Ungno residence: A traditional-style dwelling built to champion Korean art

A hanok sits in the idyllic landscape of Vaux-sur-Seine, a rural commune on the north-western outskirts of Paris. The architecture of this traditional Korean house is defined by its screwless construction and the use of structural timber columns, beams and giwa (clay roof tiles). This one is perched on a ridge overlooking the slow-moving Seine and surrounded by greenery amid a landscaped campus of four other buildings, including an old French country house and a striking contemporary structure.

“Every building here has a longstanding story,” says the proprietor, Park In-kyung. A postwar and contemporary Korean artist, Park has girlish good looks that belie her 98 years of age. The campus has been her home for more than 30 years. Born in Korea in 1926, she married renowned mid-century artist Lee Ungno in Seoul in 1949.

Keen to explore the intersection of Korean and European art, Park and Lee – who was also known by his nom de plume, Goam – relocated to Paris in 1960 at the invitation of renowned art critic Jacques Lassaigne. Over the ensuing years, Park and Lee continued to work and champion Korean art in Europe, establishing the Academy of Oriental Painting in Paris in 1964 and teaching traditional painting and calligraphy. Since Lee’s death in 1989, Park and their son, artist Lee Young-sé, have worked hard to continue his legacy. Key to this was buying a plot on the highest ridge in Vaux-sur-Seine on which to build the hanok. “A long time ago we lived in a place overlooking the Han river in Seoul’s Mapo district,” says Park. “I always felt a longing for my hometown so we chose a location where I could overlook the Seine.”

The initial idea for the structure had come from Ungno, with the artist expressing a desire for a daemokjang (master carpenter specialising in traditional Korean wooden architecture) to build a home for the family in France. “He said, ‘I want to build a hanok and hang a few of my paintings in it,’” says Park. To honour his wish and preserve some of his work, Park and Young-sé oversaw the ambitious house-building project. They knew that, in order for the structure to be authentic, it would have to be built in South Korea then dismantled before being shipped to France.

The structure was made using pine trees from Gangwon State, South Korea’s northeast state. To protect the timber from humidity on the journey to Europe, every component was starched with traditional Korean paper, which tightened around the wood as it dried, preventing the timber from twisting when it was exposed to moisture.

The project was reassembled with the approval of the local authority in Vaux-sur-Seine. On the final day of work, a message was engraved into the central ridge beam of the hanok, reading “At 11.00 on 28 June 1992 this ridge beam was raised to complete the framework of the roof. Infinitude and endlessness.” Those last three words expressed a desire for the building to have a timeless quality, much like Ungno’s work.

And indeed it does: the L-shaped structure finds harmony with the natural surroundings thanks to its clay walls and the hanji-finished wooden window frames – a materiality suggesting that the building might one day return to nature. It’s a quality enhanced by the hanok’s exterior windows, which frame views of the Seine. “Windows are the face of a hanok,” says Sim Yong-sik, a somokjang (Korean carpenter with a specialism in traditional wooden furniture) who worked on the project.

Park and Ungno’s contemplative nature is reflected in the decision to install low windows, which allow people to enjoy the views while sitting on the floor of the hanok, in traditional Korean style. “It’s crucial to consider not only the size of the house, the intensity of the wind and the amount of light but also the personality of the resident to make good windows,” adds Sim. The hanok is now used as a residential space.

Complementing the work of The Academy of Oriental Painting in Paris is the on-site Goam Academy, which has hosted calligraphy and ink-painting classes in a contemporary concrete building designed by French architect Jean-Michel Wilmote in 2014. “The Goam Academy continues the legacy of the Academy of Oriental Painting, which was the first institution of its kind in Europe,” says Young-sé, who explains that the building, like the art programming, aims to promote cross-cultural understanding between South Korea and Europe. Wilmote’s design is characterised by a uniquely shaped roof, which references the low hip-and-gable form of a hanok. Inside there is a similar sense of openness thanks to high ceilings and full-height windows, which establish a relationship between the indoors and outdoors, making it a perfect backdrop for creating art. “It’s a space where it is easy to move large-scale artworks in all directions,” says Young-sé, who uses the studio between academy terms. “And it has plenty of natural light.”

While completed posthumously, both buildings capture Ungno’s ambitions. It is a legacy that is protected by the fact that both Park and Young-sé continue to live on the site. Young-sé’s residence is an old farmhouse, which was already here when Ungno and Park bought the land; Park’s residence and studio is situated on the lot’s highest point – a two-storey building also designed by Wilmote. The latter is a bright space with a wide terrace from which Park continues to paint and draw. Her creative energy is also channelled into the role of honorary director of the Lee Ungno Museum in Daejeon in South Korea, where she is deeply interested in nurturing younger generations of artists who are looking to follow in her and her husband’s footsteps.

As part of her work with the museum, Park has launched the Paris Lee Ungno Residence programme, which brings three artists across to France every year. “I started running the residence programme to pave the way for young artists to interact with the wider world,” says Park, who remains glad that she and her family have been able to offer a warm welcome, and a spectacular setting, to contemporary South Korean artists in Europe.

São Paulo’s art scene revitalises amid political shifts and cultural renewal

The art of transformation
São Paulo’s creative scene is emerging from a troubling political period with new energy and confidence. Monocle meets the curators, collectors, gallerists and artists who are fostering a fresh wave of Brazilian creativity.

Until recently, Brazil’s arts scene seemed stuck in a creative and commercial rut. The country’s long recession had taken its toll, as had a period of political turmoil in which one president was impeached and another imprisoned, culminating in the election of far-right politician Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. His heavy-handed crackdowns and populist rule further destabilised the Brazilian art market.

The inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as president in January 2023 signalled a turning point in both politics and the arts. Whereas the economic boom of more than a decade ago attracted blue-chip artists and galleries to São Paulo, alongside deep-pocketed collectors, the focus now seems to be less on cultural imports than on Brazil’s creative output. The city has the makings of a global art capital: the Bienal de São Paulo, founded in 1951, is a showcase for institutions such as MASP and MAM, and there are dozens of smaller commercial galleries bringing fresh ideas to the table. Monocle meets some of the people who are reshaping the scene.

1.
Fernanda Feitosa

the fair founder
Founder and executive director, SP-Arte

“It all began with a simple ‘Why not?'” says Fernanda Feitosa of art fair SP-Arte, which she founded in 2005. “I thought, ‘Why don’t we have a contemporary art fair in Brazil?'” At that time she was in her early thirties and had begun collecting artworks with her husband, Heitor Martins. “We were the new kids on the block,” says Feitosa. Regular recces to fairs in Europe and North America inspired her to bring some of their energy home. “I wanted to see all of that happening right here in São Paulo.”

SP-Arte is now South America’s largest art fair, having grown from a roster of 41 art galleries in its first edition to one of 168 in 2023. It now occupies the entirety of the vast São Paulo Bienal pavilion, which Oscar Niemeyer designed in 1957. Crucially, Feitosa diversified the fair in 2016 by including design. “I decided to have two fairs in one building,” she says. “People who buy art are nearly always interested in buying signed design pieces too.” Her ability to influence the market and give it what it wants made her a go-to in the country’s creative scene. “A good art fair is the pulse of the market,” she says.

Feitosa weathered the political and economic storms that battered Brazil in recent years, always quietly confident that the dark clouds would clear. After a boom during the 2000s, the economy stagnated at home while art markets in Asia and the Middle East soared. 

According to Feitosa, nurturing Brazilian artists through commercial galleries and courting the many collectors who drive the São Paulo scene are central to establishing the country in the art world. In 2022, SP-Arte launched an offshoot fair called Rotas Brasileiras (“Brazilian Routes”), which showcases about 70 galleries from across the nation. “Our mission now is to go back to the country itself,” she says. “The success or failure of the Brazilian market lies in the strengths and weaknesses of the local community.”

2.
Hena Lee

the experimental gallerist
General director, Galeria Millan

“There has always been a top-down relationship between galleries and artists,” says Hena Lee, the general director of Galeria Millan in São Paulo’s Pinheiros neighbourhood. “Not just in Brazil but everywhere.” Having worked for the Delfina Foundation and studied at the Royal College of Art in London, Lee knows plenty about the international scene but her focus now is on Brazilian talent. “Indigenous artists are among the most prominent voices in contemporary art challenging dominant structures in Brazil,” she says, standing by a work by the late painter and activist Jaider Esbell.

Esbell’s relationship with Galeria Millan was unconventional. “He would say, ‘You don’t represent me – I represent myself,'” says Lee. With galleries, museums and collectors increasingly seeking different perspectives, Galeria Millan’s approach offers a new, fairer model. “Esbell negotiated that his work wouldn’t come alone,” says Lee. “If we wanted to work with him, we also had to work with other indigenous artists who he selected.” Also on Millan’s roster is black Brazilian artist Maxwell Alexandre, who was raised in Rio de Janeiro’s Rocinha favela. Alexandre’s images of black figures are painted on cheap, brown paper called papel pardo. Lee explains that the term pardo is implicated in colourism, used to refer to someone of mixed race. “With this material and these powerful figures, he is making a statement.”

Galeria Millan’s nurturing of artists is helping to create some of the country’s most exciting contemporary art. Though fostering Brazilian culture remains central, “the global positioning of our art and of our history” is also vital, says Lee. In 2023, Alexandre’s work was shown at The Shed in New York, while the Fondation Cartier at Milan’s Triennale showed works by Esbell and another Millan artist, Alex Cerveny. “You have to spread artists and their work among other collectors abroad,” says Lee. “They can’t just all stay here in the internal market.”

3.
Paulo Nimer Pjota

the ground-breaking painter
Artist

On a quiet backstreet in São Paulo’s Ipiranga district is the studio of painter Paulo Nimer Pjota. Represented by galleries such as Maureen Paley in London and Mendes Wood DM in São Paulo, New York and beyond, Pjota is quickly becoming a byword for the success of Brazilian contemporary art. When Monocle visits his expansive studio, the 36-year-old says that he is in a productive painting period; on the walls hang more than 30 canvases that have been created ahead of a solo exhibition in New York this year.

“Since the beginning I have been fascinated by both mythology and everyday life,” says Pjota. This juxtaposition is made vividly clear in his paintings, which show finely rendered flowers in full bloom, pumpkins and vases, cartoon characters and shadowy monsters awash with colour and light. Pjota finds inspiration in a broad range of sources, from books and magazine cuttings to found items. As he shows us around, he flicks through an illustrated volume of Grecian vases and then, chuckling, gestures towards a pinned-up photograph of discarded plastic bags.

Small characters, often butterflies, crop up in his compositions – Pjota’s nod to cartoons such as Walt Disney’s Silly Symphony. “When I’m painting, I’m not thinking about the light that I see,” he says. “It’s more like a collage.” Pointing out some of the details in his work, he identifies an ancient Mayan symbol and an image of opium poppies. “I like to imagine LSD in the ancient times.”

Despite such references in his mesmerising, at times psychedelic paintings, Pjota tells us that it is cities that inspire him most – in particular, São Paulo, where he has lived since he was 17 years old. “My mind just blew up,” he says of his arrival from what he calls the “conservative” countryside. “We like to mix things up here. My work is not about what I include or not. For me, it’s more about a feeling, how a painting feels.”

4.
Gustavo Nóbrega

the collector
Co-founder and director, Galeria Superfície

Gustavo Nóbrega’s 1930s home in Jardins is bijou by the standards of the neighbourhood but what it lacks in size, it makes up for in cosiness. What’s more, 30 to 40 pieces of conceptual and political Brazilian art are on display inside the apartment at any one time. The collection, which focuses on works from the 1950s to the 1980s, is impressive both for the range of artists featured and rarity of the pieces: colourful prints by Hélio Oiticica jostle with provocative works by lesser-known but equally important figures such as Pedro Escosteguy.

The calibre of the collection makes sense if you know about Nóbrega’s day job. The 38-year-old Paulistano is the co-founder of Galeria Superfície on Rua Oscar Freire, which specialises in conceptual Brazilian art from the past 50 years. “Here’s my daily dilemma,” says Nóbrega. “The works that I deal with are hard to come by so when I find something really special, I have a tough choice to make.” Should he sell it and take a commission – or follow his heart and bring it home?

When Monocle visits the gallery, a 15-woman exhibition is showcasing the striking art that flourished during Brazil’s decades of military dictatorship. Colourful works by Regina Vater and Romanita Disconzi bridge the gap between US pop art and a more Brazilian style. “I found some of these works many years ago but the artist didn’t want to sell,” says Nóbrega. “So we waited until the time was right.” Right, in this case, means until the market was willing to pay a decent price.

“I suppose I’m a bit of an archivist,” says Nóbrega of his collection, which contains thousands of works. Also stored in vast cabinets is a trove of artists’ letters, poems, sketches, exhibition posters and books from the 1950s onwards, charting decades of transformation in modern Brazilian culture. “My work circles around this archive,” he says. “Its contents are what drives me.”

5.
Lorraine Pinheiro Mendes

the canny curator
Curator, SESC Belenzinho

It took curator Lorraine Pinheiro Mendes the best part of four years to organise Dos Brasis – Black Art, Black Thinking at SESC Belenzinho, a large cultural centre in eastern São Paulo. The exhibition, which Mendes curated in partnership with Igor Simões and Marcelo Campos, features the work of about 240 African-Brazilian artists from across all 26 of the country’s states; it is the biggest show ever held in Brazil that is entirely dedicated to black artists. Despite the scale, Mendes says that it could have been bigger. “There is so much more that we didn’t use,” she tells Monocle.

“Black people weren’t excluded from the art system but they were mostly just the subjects of painting and sculpture,” says Mendes. By way of example, she lists Brazilian artists such as Candido Portinari, whose neorealist paintings often featured black Brazilians. “Only now are we looking at the role that black people had in building the nation. This gives black voices more agency.”

The Bolsonaro years were difficult for Mendes and many others in the culture sector. Not only did the far-right president disband the culture ministry but his policies and statements also seemed intended to divide Brazil. For Mendes, Bolsonaro’s replacement shouldn’t mean a return to how things were before. “When he was in power it became OK to be publicly racist but things were far from good before him,” she says. Bolsonaro’s battle lines galvanised opinion on both sides. “It’s easier to start a battle if you know who your enemies are.” 

The Belenzinho exhibition shows the vital role of SESC, a non-profit organisation set up in 1946 but that proved especially important during the culture wars stoked by Bolsonaro. Though Mendes, who has lived in São Paulo for just five months, marvels at the city’s ability to attract the best of the country, she believes that an approach that reaches out to all of Brazil is what the art scene needs.

Future proofing the real estate sector: We hear from 10 industry professionals

_1.
“The focus for 2024 must be a robust drive toward net zero, as well as addressing the urban affordability crisis. To tackle these challenges, there’s a critical need for the industry to unite – architects, planners, developers and other stakeholders must come together to form a cohesive, visionary voice. There are bright spots: we can see groups of pioneers bringing forward transformative ideas while technological advancements, particularly in property technology, offer significant potential to revolutionise our industry.”

Coen van Oostrom
Founder and CEO, Edge, The Netherlands

^2.
“Issues in 2024 include a severe shortage of skilled construction workers and concerns over carbon taxes and environmental protection. Addressing these challenges involves designing for waste reduction, enhancing construction methods such as prefabrication, investing in education and prioritising the use of local materials. Sustainable and eco-friendly materials are gaining maturity, while local architectural styles are being increasingly valued.”

Aaron Lee
Deputy chairman, JUT Land, Taiwan

^3.
“The buzzword for property developers and agents is ‘housing’. The rise in interest rates and the weak rental market have contributed to housing becoming one of the biggest challenges for Portuguese politicians, who have created two legislative packages called Mais Habitação [More Housing] and Simplex Urbanistico [Urban Simplex] with measures designed to increase supply.”

Sofia Rodrigues Nunes
Co-head of Real Estate, Gómez-Acebo & Pombo, Portugal

^4.
“Initiatives in schools can help to showcase our industry, along with large-scale efforts to engage young people through employability programmes, mentoring and paid work experience.”

Andrea Carpenter 
Director, Diversity Talks Real Estate, UK

^5.
“I see a massive commercial opportunity in investing in buildings that are at risk of being stranded assets from a sustainability perspective and making them more environmentally friendly. This means identifying how you can reposition a building to have a measurable positive impact.”

Alexander Bent
Co-founder, Undivided Ventures, Hong Kong

^6.
“Preparation is the key word for this year: paperwork, licensing and assembling land for new projects. The continued strength of the office market in Ho Chi Minh City is a major bright spot in southeast Asia.”

Philip Cluer
COO, Refico, Vietnam

^7.
“Intelligent concepts and customised solutions are in demand: watch out for subsidised projects and neighbourhood developments, such as multi-generational housing, based on environmental, social and corporate governance criteria. Commercial development is on the up. Companies are reorganising to shorten value-creation routes, giving the sector a positive boost.”

Michael Körner
Managing Director, Invest Region Leipzig, Germany

^8.
“As well as sustainability, we should focus on affordability and creating ways to integrate better into the community fabric of a city. The industry needs to get used to having its asset use change quickly. It still thinks in long-term trends that don’t reflect changing customer behaviour. We need, for instance, to look at the way digital media has freed up how customers consume their product; people lead more mobile, fractional lives and our homes also need to be able to adapt. On the bright side, consensus is forming about CO2 standards in construction.”

Claus Mathisen 
CEO, Urban Planners, Denmark

^9.
“There will be many players who will breach loans and be in self-preservation mode. For others, assets will be repriced and they’ll find wonderful opportunities to invest. The real-estate industry is facing a mountain of challenges, from building safety issues to office vacancy and valuation crunches because of the interest-rate environment. Sectors such as housing, hospitality, studios and data centres, where owners know how to operate assets, will continue to do well.”

Ryan Prince
Vice-chairman, Realstar Group, Canada

^10.
“There’s a new reality and this must be acknowledged, addressed, managed and celebrated. The world has changed, and so we must address our previous assumptions. People are social creatures and have both a need and a desire to engage, experience, interact and have a community. This is an essential element to design and development that spans across all sectors of real estate.”

Hanna Struever
Owner, Retail Portfolio Solutions, USA

A look behind the Angoulême International Comic Book Festival

Every year in late January, 200,000 comic-book enthusiasts of all ages flock to the usually quiet southwestern French city of Angoulême. In pop-up marquees set up in picturesque squares, teenagers, retirees and parents with small children queue eagerly for an autograph (often accompanied by a small illustration) in the latest instalment of Spirou, Asterix or Gaston Lagaffe. In France, where comic books – or bandes dessinées – are big business, Angoulême is to the genre what Cannes is to film.

Founded 50 years ago, the Angoulême International Comic Book Festival was the first fair of its kind and considered a niche part of the publishing industry. It was a time when Franco-Belgian comics were synonymous with René Goscinny or Hergé, whose work appears in vast frescoes on buildings across the city. But today this has radically changed. According to market research company GFK, one in four books sold in France today is a comic and the festival is one of Europe’s biggest literary events. Last year the industry’s value was estimated at €877m, with 75 million comic books sold in 2023 – a 55 per cent increase compared with 2019. While the popularity of manga has certainly had a big impact (France is its second-biggest consumer after Japan), Asterix continues to top the best-seller list year after year, and graphic novels and non-fiction titles aimed at adults are also finding a new readership.

“It has been a while since comic books have earned their status,” says Stéphane Aznar, the managing director of Dargaud, a Paris-based publisher founded in 1936. Its stand takes up a large space in the middle of a section dedicated to Franco-Belgian comic-book publishers and has its own bookshop displaying a vast selection of recent titles: everything from Guillaume Bianco and Kerascoët’s Nunuche, the story of a girl and her cloud-looking puppy aimed at early readers, to Nos mondes perdus (Our Lost Worlds) by Marion Montaigne, a popular science title about the discovery of dinosaurs. “Today the comic-book industry has become a publishing segment in its own right and it’s just as important as general literature – and even more so in certain bookshops,” says Aznar.

The publisher’s best seller of 2023 was Le monde sans fin (World Without End), a good example of how comic-books are reaching a broader adult readership. Illustrated by Christophe Blain and written by French engineer Jean-Marc Jaconvinci, it takes readers on a journey to understand the climate crisis, its consequences and possible solutions. “We’ve noticed a powerful development of what we call BD du réel [non-fiction comic books],” says Aznar. “Comics are not just for entertainment; they’re also for thinking, for reflecting. They’re a way of seeing and understanding the world.” The trend could be expanding internationally too: US and UK publishers have snapped up the rights for a release in English later this year.

With graphic novels being picked up by readers who previously shied away, publishers of all kinds are jumping on the bandwagon. “If there is one new trend to note this year, then that’s it,” says Marguerite Demoetë, the festival’s artistic director. “Publishing houses that only focused on literature or essays now all want to publish comic books. That has to do with the industry’s valorisation. The festival has worked hard to legitimise comics as an art.” Indeed the “ninth art”, as it is also known, is still feeling the ripple effects of the coronavirus lockdowns that boosted sales. When the government released le pass Culture in 2021 – a pass with €300 for teenagers to spend on culture – some dubbed it the “pass manga” as 18-year-olds across the country stocked up on One Piece and Spy 3 Family. But now the craze has slightly dissipated, the entire industry is still going strong. “Today there is an appetite for consuming comic books of all genres, which are all doing incredibly well,” says Bruno Fermier, CEO of Canal BD, a network of independent bookshops specialising in comic books. He points out that the diversity in storytelling has also attracted more women, who now represent 50 per cent of customers; this wasn’t the case a decade ago.

As for children and teenagers, with an increasing amount of time being spent in front of a screen, the growth of comic books also reassures publishers that print is still a valuable medium. Though webtoons – a type of digital comic book made to read on smartphones – has had some success, it’s not something that is seen as competition for the traditional hardcover. “Digital comics never really caught on,” says Aznar. “Reading a page of a comic book on an iPad or on a Kindle is not a great experience. The pleasure of having a physical book that you can immerse yourself in, moving your eye across the page, is unmatched.” French readers of all kinds tend to agree.