Opinion / Carolina Abbott Galvão
Catching the wave
Latin America has historically had some of the world’s strictest abortion laws but there have been a series of progressive shifts over the past two years. Argentina and Mexico have legalised the procedure and more recently Colombia, traditionally a conservative country, decided to permit it in the first 24 weeks of pregnancy, giving it one of the most liberal reproductive health laws in the region.
The “green wave” movement – named after the scarves worn by Latin American abortion campaigners – is spreading. For Brazilian feminists like me, however, there’s still a long road ahead. For the past five years I’ve lived in the UK, where the procedure has been legal since 1968; my friends here are often shocked to hear that Brazilians who seek abortions face up to three years in prison. Exceptions are made when there is a threat to the mother’s life, if the pregnancy is the result of rape or if the foetus has anencephaly – but even in those circumstances people often struggle to prove their case. Last week news that a judge had denied an abortion to an 11-year-old rape victim spurred lengthy debates between activists and pro-lifers. Meanwhile, in the US, the Supreme Court’s reversal of Roe vs Wade on Friday ended 50 years of federal abortion rights. Almost half of the country’s 50 states are expected to outlaw or severely restrict the procedure as a result of the decision.
But even as the US retreats into regressive thinking and swaths of Brazilian society continue to back president Jair Bolsonaro’s brand of social conservatism, others are displaying increasingly progressive attitudes. A recent poll in Brazil found that those who believe that abortion should be illegal in every case had dropped from 41 per cent to 32 per cent since 2018. This might not seem particularly significant on the surface but, if the past three years of Latin American politics have taught us anything, it’s that circumstances can quickly change. Overturning draconian abortion laws in Brazil – and now in the US too – is an arduous task but the shifting tide in countries such as Mexico and Colombia allows me to feel quietly hopeful.
Carolina Abbott Galvão is a researcher for Monocle in London.